Chaka chilichonse, anthu ambiri aku America amadya zinyalala za pulasitiki zopitirira mapaundi 250, zambiri zomwe zimachokera m'matumba.Ndiye titani ndi zonsezi?
Zinyalala ndi gawo la yankho, koma ambiri a ife sitimvetsa zomwe tiyikemo.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'dera lina zitha kukhala zinyalala m'dera lina.
Kafukufuku wophatikizanayu amayang'ana machitidwe ena obwezeretsanso pulasitiki omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake mapulasitiki ena sayenera kutayidwa mu zinyalala.
M’sitolomo tinaipeza ikuphimba masamba, nyama ndi tchizi.Ndizofala koma sizingasinthidwenso chifukwa ndizovuta kutaya m'malo obwezeretsa zinthu (MRFs).MRF imapanga, phukusi ndi kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba, maofesi ndi malo ena kupyolera mu mapulogalamu a boma ndi achinsinsi obwezeretsanso.Kanemayo adazungulira zida zake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo asiye.
Mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi mainchesi atatu kapena kuchepera, amathanso kuyambitsa zovuta pakukonzanso zida.Zolemba za thumba la mkate, zokutira mapiritsi, zikwama zokometsera zotayidwa - tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timamatira kapena kugwa pamalamba ndi magiya a makina a MRF.Chotsatira chake, amatengedwa ngati zinyalala.Zogwiritsira ntchito tampon za pulasitiki sizobwezerezedwanso, zimangotayidwa.
Phukusi lamtunduwu linaphwanyidwa pa lamba wonyamulira wa MRF ndipo pamapeto pake zidasokonekera ndikusakanikirana ndi pepala, kupangitsa kuti bale yonse zisagulitsidwe.
Ngakhale matumbawo atasonkhanitsidwa ndikulekanitsidwa ndi obwezeretsanso, palibe amene angawagule chifukwa palibe chinthu chothandiza kapena msika wotsiriza wa pulasitiki wamtunduwu panobe.
Zoyikapo zosinthika, monga matumba a chip chip, amapangidwa kuchokera kumapulasitiki amitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi zokutira za aluminiyamu.Sizingatheke kupatutsa zigawozo mosavuta ndikugwira utomoni womwe mukufuna.
Osabwezerezedwanso.Makampani obwezeretsanso maimelo monga TerraCycle akuti atenganso zina mwazinthuzi.
Mofanana ndi zoyikapo zosinthika, zotengerazi zimakhala zovuta ku makina obwezeretsanso chifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera kumitundu ingapo ya pulasitiki: chonyezimira chomata ndi mtundu wina wa pulasitiki, chipewa chachitetezo ndi china, ndipo magiya ozungulira ndi mtundu wina wapulasitiki.
Izi ndi mitundu ya zinthu zomwe makina obwezeretsanso adapangidwa kuti azikonza.Zotengerazo ndi zolimba, sizimaphwanyika ngati mapepala, ndipo zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yomwe opanga amagulitsa mosavuta zinthu monga makapeti, zovala zaubweya, komanso mabotolo apulasitiki ambiri.
Ponena za zovala, makampani ena osankha amayembekezera kuti anthu azivala, pomwe ena amafuna kuti anthu azivula.Izi zimatengera zida zomwe zikupezeka pamalo anu obwezeretsanso.Zivundikiro zimatha kukhala zoopsa ngati muwatsegula ndipo MRF sangathe kuwagwira.Mabotolo amapanikizika kwambiri panthawi yokonza ndi kulongedza, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zipewa ziduke pa liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zingathe kuvulaza antchito.Komabe, ma MRF ena amatha kugwira ndikukonzanso zisoti izi.Funsani zomwe bungwe lanu likukonda.
Mabotolo okhala ndi zipewa kapena zotsegula zomwe zimakhala zofanana kapena zazing'ono kuposa maziko a botolo amatha kubwezeretsedwanso.Mabotolo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochapa zovala komanso zinthu zosamalira anthu monga shampu ndi sopo amatha kubwezeretsedwanso.Ngati nsonga yopopera ili ndi kasupe wachitsulo, chotsani ndikutaya mu zinyalala.Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mabotolo onse apulasitiki amapangidwanso kukhala zinthu zatsopano.
Zophimba pamwamba zimapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yamtundu womwewo monga mabotolo a zakumwa, koma si onse obwezeretsanso amatha kuwagwira.Izi zili choncho chifukwa mawonekedwe a clamshell amakhudza kapangidwe ka pulasitiki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzibwezeretsanso.
Mutha kuona kuti machira ndi zotengera zina zambiri zapulasitiki zili ndi nambala mkati mwa makona atatu okhala ndi muvi.Dongosolo lowerengera kuyambira 1 mpaka 7 limatchedwa nambala yozindikiritsa utomoni.Idapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 kuti athandize mapurosesa (osati ogula) kudziwa mtundu wa utomoni womwe pulasitiki amapangidwa.Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chinthucho chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri amatha kubwezeretsedwanso pamsewu, koma osati nthawi zonse.Yang'anani pomwepo.Tsukani mphika musanayiike mu thireyi.
Zotengerazi nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa ndi 5 mkati mwa makona atatu.Mabafa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasitiki.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti obwezeretsanso agulitse kumakampani omwe angakonde kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yamtundu umodzi popanga.
Komabe, sizili choncho nthawi zonse.Waste Management, kampani yosonkhanitsira zinyalala komanso yobwezeretsanso, idati idagwira ntchito ndi wopanga yemwe adatembenuza yogurt, kirimu wowawasa ndi zitini za batala kukhala zitini za utoto, mwa zina.
Styrofoam, monga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika nyama kapena makatoni a mazira, imakhala mpweya.Makina apadera amafunikira kuti achotse mpweya ndikuphatikiza zinthuzo kukhala patties kapena zidutswa kuti mugulitsenso.Zinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu zimenezi n’zopanda phindu chifukwa zimatsala zinthu zochepa kwambiri mpweya ukachotsedwa.
Mizinda yambiri yaku US yaletsa thovu lapulasitiki.Chaka chino, mayiko a Maine ndi Maryland adaletsa zotengera zakudya za polystyrene.
Komabe, madera ena ali ndi malo omwe amabwezeretsanso styrofoam omwe amatha kupangidwa kukhala mafelemu ndi zithunzi.
Matumba apulasitiki - monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulunga mkate, nyuzipepala ndi chimanga, komanso matumba a masangweji, matumba otsuka zouma, ndi matumba a golosale - amakhala ndi zovuta zofanana ndi filimu yapulasitiki poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zobwezeretsanso.Komabe, zikwama ndi zokutira, monga zopukutira zamapepala, zitha kubwezeredwa ku golosale kuti zibwezeretsedwe.Mafilimu apulasitiki owonda sangathe.
Malo ogulitsa zakudya m'dziko lonselo, kuphatikiza Walmart ndi Target, ali ndi matumba apulasitiki pafupifupi 18,000.Ogulitsa awa amatumiza pulasitiki kwa obwezeretsanso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ngati zoyala pansi.
Zolemba za How2Recycle zikuwonekera pazinthu zambiri m'masitolo ogulitsa.Wopangidwa ndi Sustainable Packaging Coalition komanso bungwe lopanda phindu lobwezeretsanso zinthu lotchedwa GreenBlue, cholemberacho chikufuna kupatsa ogula malangizo omveka bwino okhudza kukonzanso kwa mapaketi.GreenBlue ikuti pali zilembo zopitilira 2,500 zomwe zikuyenda pazinthu kuyambira mabokosi a phala mpaka zotsukira m'chimbudzi.
Ma MRF amasiyana kwambiri.Ndalama zina zogwirizanitsa zimathandizidwa bwino ngati gawo la makampani akuluakulu.Zina mwa izo zimayendetsedwa ndi ma municipalities.Ena onse ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
Zolekanitsidwa zobwezeretsedwanso zimapanikizidwa kukhala mabolo ndikugulitsidwa kumakampani omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito zinthuzo kupanga zinthu zina, monga zovala kapena mipando, kapena zotengera zina zapulasitiki.
Malingaliro obwezeretsanso amatha kuwoneka ngati osasangalatsa chifukwa bizinesi iliyonse imagwira ntchito mosiyana.Ali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana komanso misika yosiyana siyana yapulasitiki, ndipo misika iyi ikusintha nthawi zonse.
Kubwezeretsanso ndi bizinesi yomwe zinthu zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusinthasintha kwamisika yazogulitsa.Nthawi zina zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwa opakira kupanga zinthu kuchokera ku pulasitiki wosabadwa kuposa kugula pulasitiki yokonzedwanso.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe mapulasitiki ambiri amapaka pulasitiki amathera mu incinerators, zotayiramo pansi ndi m'nyanja ndi chifukwa sichiyenera kubwezeretsedwanso.Ogwiritsa ntchito a MRF akuti akugwira ntchito ndi opanga kuti apange zotengera zomwe zitha kusinthidwanso malinga ndi momwe zilili pano.
Sitikonzansonso momwe tingathere.Mwachitsanzo, mabotolo apulasitiki ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa obwezeretsanso, koma pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mabotolo onse apulasitiki amathera mu zinyalala.
Ndiko kuti, osati "kuzungulira kwa zilakolako."Osataya zinthu monga magetsi, mabatire, zinyalala zachipatala, ndi matewera a ana m’zinyalala za m’mbali mwa msewu.(Komabe, zina mwazinthuzi zitha kukonzedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ina. Chonde onani zakwanu.)
Kubwezeretsanso kumatanthauza kukhala wochita nawo malonda a zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi.Chaka chilichonse malonda amabweretsa matani mamiliyoni mazana a pulasitiki.Mu 2018, China inasiya kuitanitsa zinyalala zambiri za pulasitiki kuchokera ku US, kotero tsopano makina onse opanga mapulasitiki - kuchokera ku mafakitale a mafuta kupita ku obwezeretsanso - akukakamizidwa kuti adziwe zoyenera kuchita nawo.
Kubwezeretsanso kokha sikungathetse vuto la zinyalala, koma ambiri amawona kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la njira yonse yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kulongedza ndi kusintha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Nkhaniyi idatumizidwa koyambirira pa Ogasiti 21, 2019. Iyi ndi gawo la chiwonetsero cha "Plastic Wave" cha NPR, chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri momwe zinyalala zapulasitiki zimakhudzira chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-31-2023