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Mukayima ndi Sustain LA koyambirira kwa 2020, mupeza mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zokomera zachilengedwe, zokhazikika zapanyumba komanso zosamalira anthu.Zokulunga chakudya phula, mipira yowumitsira ubweya wa organic, nsungwi, nsungwi, vegan floss - chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuti muthetse ubale wanu wapoizoni ndi pulasitiki yogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi.Mochedwa kuposa kale, sichoncho?
Malo okongola a boutique Highland Park amagwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimawola m'malo otayiramo (mosiyana ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe timagula).Osadziona kuti ndi wolakwa ngati supita ndi zinyalala zonse mu chitini chimodzi.Cholinga apa sikuti anthu azitaya zinthu, koma kuti atithandize kuchepetsa zinyalala zomwe timapanga.Ntchitoyi ndiyofunikira pano monga inalili COVID-19 isanachitike.Koma kukhala opanda zinyalala kwakumana ndi vuto lalikulu popeza mliri woletsa kubweretsa matumba anu ku golosale ndi matumba awiri kuti mutenge.
Ngakhale kuti mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi si otetezeka kwenikweni kusiyana ndi njira zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, ogula ambiri okhudzidwa ndi kufalikira kwa matenda akugwiritsanso ntchito.(Sitikupatula zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimatayidwa ngati masks ndi zishango zakumaso.) Chilimwe chatha, mabanja ena aku US adatulutsa zinyalala zochulukirapo 50% kuposa mliri wa COVID-19 usanachitike.
Kodi chikondi chotsitsimutsidwa cha America cha pulasitiki chidzakhala chikondi chachifupi kapena ukwati wautali?Nthawi idzawoneka.Pakadali pano, masitolo otaya ziro akuyesabe kutithandiza kusiya chizolowezi cha pulasitiki.
Woyambitsa Sustain LA Leslie Campbell sangathe kulosera zam'tsogolo, koma akudziwa kuti sitolo yake yasintha kwambiri chaka chonse.
Sitoloyo imagulitsabe ziwiya zansungwi ndi udzu wosapanga dzimbiri, koma "zogulitsazo zatsika mwachangu," adatero Campbell."Zotsukira m'manja, zochapira zovala ndi zotsukira m'manja, pali malonda ambiri tsopano."
Kuti agwirizane ndi kusinthaku, Campbell, monga eni ake ambiri ogulitsa organic, adayenera kusintha mtundu wawo wamabizinesi munthawi yolembera.
Mliriwu usanachitike, Sustain LA idapereka malo ogulitsira mafuta m'sitolo momwe makasitomala amatha kubweretsa zotengera zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito (kapena kugula kwanuko) ndikuwonjezeranso zotsukira zachilengedwe, sopo, ma shampoos ndi mafuta opaka.Athanso kugula zinthu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena zowola ngati mapesi ndi swachi.Sustain LA imabwereketsanso magalasi, zoperekera zakumwa, mbale ndi zodulira kuti zithandize makasitomala kuchepetsa zinyalala zomwe zimachitika.
"Ndi kubwereketsa, takhala ndi nthawi yaukwati yachilimwe komanso yachilimwe ndipo maanja athu onse asiya kapena asintha mapulani," adatero Campbell.
Ngakhale kugula m'sitolo kudayimitsidwa pomwe Los Angeles County idapereka lamulo loyamba loti azikhala kunyumba mkati mwa Marichi, Sustain LA idaloledwa kukhalabe yotsegula chifukwa imagulitsa zinthu zofunika monga sopo ndi zotsukira zovala.
“Tinali ndi mwayi.Tinakhala masiku angapo tikuyitanitsa pafoni, kujambula zithunzi zonse ndikupanga malo ogulitsira pa intaneti, "adatero.
Campbell adayika makina ojambulira osagwira m'malo oimikapo magalimoto m'sitoloyo, ndikutumiza zinthu monga sopo ndi shampu m'magalasi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti makasitomala abwezere ndalama.Gulu lake lakulitsa ntchito zobweretsera komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zotumizira.Adagwira ntchito ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ku Los Angeles County, ndipo pofika Ogasiti, makasitomala adaloledwa kubweretsa zotengera zoyera za Campbell m'sitolo kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuzazanso.
Kutsogolo kwa sitolo kwachoka kuzinthu zosangalatsa za organic kupita kumalo osungiramo anthu ambiri.Campbell ndi antchito ake asanu ndi atatu amabweretsa zinthu zina zosagwirizana ndi zopempha za makasitomala.Pamwamba pamndandandawu ndi zoseweretsa zamphaka zopangidwa kuchokera ku catnip ndi ubweya.Ngakhale amphaka amatha kutopa pokhala kwaokha.
"Tasintha pang'ono panjira," adatero Campbell.Lendi ya zochitika zazing'ono idayamba kukwera nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, koma idakhazikikabe pambuyo poti madongosolo atsopano a malo ogona aperekedwa mu Novembala.Pofika pa Disembala 21, Sustain LA ikadali yotseguka kuti isungidwenso m'sitolo ndi makasitomala, koma makasitomala awiri okha nthawi imodzi.Apitilizanso kupereka chithandizo chopanda kulumikizana komanso choperekera kunja.Ndipo makasitomala amangobwerabe.
Kunja kwa mliriwu, kuyambira pomwe Sustain LA idatsegulidwa mu 2009, cholinga chachikulu cha Campbell chidakhala chosavuta kuti anthu achotse pulasitiki, koma sizinakhale zophweka.
Mu 2018, US idapanga pafupifupi matani 292.4 miliyoni a zinyalala zamatauni, kapena mapaundi 4.9 pa munthu patsiku.M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, mulingo wobwezeretsanso m'dziko lathu lasintha pamlingo wa 35%.Poyerekeza, kuchuluka kwa zobwezeretsanso ku Germany kuli pafupifupi 68%.
"Monga dziko, ndife oyipa kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso zinthu," atero a Darby Hoover, wamkulu wazantchito ku National Resource Defense Council."Sitikuchita bwino."
Ngakhale zoletsa zina zachotsedwa - malo ogulitsa zakudya ku California abwereranso kugwiritsa ntchito matumba ogwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngakhale mutawagwiritsa ntchito kunyamula katundu wanu - kupanga zinyalala zapulasitiki kukukulirakulira m'dziko lonselo.Malo olandirira pulasitiki akugwiritsa ntchito mliriwu komanso nkhawa zake pazaukhondo pothana ndi ziletso zapulasitiki za pre-COVID-19.
Covid-19 asanachitike, nkhondo yolimbana ndi pulasitiki ku US inali ikukula, boma litaletsa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ngati matumba apulasitiki.M’zaka khumi zapitazi, masitolo otaya zinyalala afalikira m’mizinda ikuluikulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo New York, Vancouver, London, ndi Los Angeles.
Kupambana kwa sitolo ya Zero Waste kumadalira kwathunthu ogula.Opanga ambiri sanasamale za kuyika zinthu mowononga, zosafunikira—ndipo samaterobe.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, masitolo ogulitsa zakudya anali amalonda kale misika isanakhale "yapamwamba".Mukalowa m’masitolo amenewa, mumapereka mndandanda wa zinthu zimene mwagula ndipo kalalikiyo amakutengerani zonse, kuyeza zinthu monga shuga ndi ufa m’mabasiketi.
"Kalelo, ngati mumafuna thumba la shuga la mapaundi 25, simunasamale kuti ndani akugulitsa, mumangoganizira zamtengo wapatali," anatero John Stanton, pulofesa wa malonda a zakudya pa yunivesite ya St. Joseph ku Philadelphia.
Chilichonse chinasintha mu 1916 pamene Clarence Saunders anatsegula Piggly Wiggly Market yoyamba ku Memphis, Tennessee.Kuti achepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito, adathamangitsa ogwira ntchito m'sitolo ndikupanga mtundu wodzipangira zakudya.Makasitomala amatha kunyamula ngolo ndikusankha zinthu zopakidwatu pamashelefu aukhondo.Ogula sayenera kudikirira ogulitsa, zomwe zimapulumutsa nthawi.
"Kuyika kuli ngati wogulitsa," adatero Stanton.Popeza makalaliki sakusonkhanitsiranso anthu katundu, malonda ayenera kukopa chidwi cha ogula powasandutsa zikwangwani ting'onoting'ono."Makampani akuyenera kuwonetsa chifukwa chake muyenera kugula shuga wathu osati mitundu ina," adatero.
Zotengera zofananira ndi zotsatsa zidalipo kale malo ogulitsa odzipangira okha, koma Saunders atayambitsa Piggly Wiggly, makampani adalimbikira kuti zonyamula zawo ziwonekere.Stanton anatchula ma cookies monga chitsanzo.Khuku losavuta tsopano likufunika zigawo ziwiri zapaketi: imodzi kuti ikudikireni ndi imodzi kuti idzilengeze yokha.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inakakamiza opanga kuwongolera ma CD awo.Wolemba mbiri ya anthu ndiponso wojambula zithunzi Corey Bernath akufotokoza kuti m’kati mwa nkhondoyo, boma linakakamiza opanga zinthu kupanga zakudya zokhalitsa zomwe zikanatha kutumizidwa kwa asilikali ochuluka.Nkhondo itatha, makampaniwa anapitirizabe kupanga zinthuzi n’kuziikanso m’misika ya anthu wamba.
"Ndi yabwino kwa bizinesi, ndi okonzeka kupanga zinthuzi.Mukungogulitsanso ndikuyikanso, ndipo voila, muli ndi tchizi wopepuka komanso chakudya chamadzulo chapa TV, "adatero Burnett.
Opanga zakudya akuyang'ana kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi kuchita bwino.Mapulasitiki opepuka komanso olimba amawathandiza kukwaniritsa zolingazi.Bernat akulozera kuyerekeza pakati pa magalasi ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kuyambira m'ma 1960 ndi 1970.Asanabwere pulasitiki, msika unkalimbikitsa makasitomala kubweza mabotolo agalasi ndikulipira ndalama kuti opanga azigwiritsanso ntchito.Zimatengera nthawi ndi chuma, chifukwa chake mabotolo asanduka pulasitiki, omwe samasweka ngati galasi komanso opepuka.Ogula m'zaka za m'ma 2000 ankakonda pulasitiki.Ndizowona zenizeni za sayansi yopeka, chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi zamakono za mivi.
Nkhondo itatha, anthu ankaganiza kuti chakudya cham’zitini chinali chaukhondo kusiyana ndi zakudya zatsopano kapena zozizira.Panthawiyo, anthu ankagwirizanitsa kutsitsimuka ndi ukhondo ndi ma CD,” adatero Burnett.Masitolo akuluakulu ayamba kulongedza chakudya mu pulasitiki kuti apikisane ndi zinthu zomwe zasinthidwanso.
Mabizinesi amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki."Tinkagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu, koma makampani asintha.Chilichonse chotayika ndi chanu ndipo mutha kungochitaya osaganizira, "adatero Burnett.
"Pali malamulo ochepa kwambiri omwe amapangitsa opanga kukhala ndi mlandu pakutha kwa zinthu zawo," adatero Campbell wa Sustain LA.
Ku United States, ma municipalities ali ndi udindo waukulu wokonza ndi kupereka ndalama zothandizira mapulogalamu awo obwezeretsanso.Zina mwa ndalamazi zimachokera kwa okhometsa misonkho, mbali imodzi yogulitsa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri aku America ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yobwezeretsanso, kaya ndikudula m'mphepete mwa msewu, kutsika, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri, ambiri aife timapanga "njinga zokhumba" zambiri.Ngati tikuganiza kuti ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso, timayiponya mu nkhokwe ya buluu.
Tsoka ilo, kukonzanso sikophweka.Matumba a pulasitiki, ngakhale amatha kubwezeretsedwanso mwaukadaulo, amalepheretsa zida zobwezeretsanso ntchito yawo.Zotengera zotengeramo katundu ndi mabokosi a pizza okhala ndi mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala oipitsidwa kwambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zimatsala kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Opanga samatsimikizira kuti zotengera zomwe amatulutsa zitha kubwezeredwa, adatero Hoover.Tengani, mwachitsanzo, bokosi la madzi.Hoover amanena kuti nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kusakaniza mapepala, aluminiyamu, pulasitiki ndi guluu.Mwachidziwitso, zambiri mwazinthuzi zitha kubwezeretsedwanso."Koma kwenikweni ndizovuta zobwezeretsanso," adatero Hoover.
Zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza pamlingo waukulu.Ngakhale mutakhala ndi zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki wamtundu womwewo, monga mabotolo a soda ndi zotengera za yogurt, nthawi zambiri sizingasinthidwenso palimodzi.
"Mabotolo amatha kupangidwa ndi jekeseni ndipo zotengera za yogurt zimatha kupangidwa ndi jekeseni, zomwe zidzasintha malo osungunuka," adatero Hoover.
Pofuna kusokoneza zinthu, dziko la China, lomwe poyamba linkagwiritsanso ntchito pafupifupi theka la zinyalala padziko lonse lapansi, sililolanso zinyalala zambiri za dziko lathu.Mu 2017, China idalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malire pa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimachotsedwa.Mu Januwale 2018, China idaletsa kuitanitsa mitundu yambiri ya pulasitiki ndi mapepala, ndipo zida zobwezerezedwanso ziyenera kukumana ndi miyezo yokhwima yakuipitsa.
"Tilibe kuipitsidwa kocheperako m'dongosolo lathu," adatero Hoover.“Chifukwa chakuti anthu wamba a ku America omwe amawagwiritsanso ntchito amapita m’nkhokwe imodzi yaikulu, mapepala amtengo wapatali omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mabokosi onyamulira mafutawa nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa.N’zovuta kukwaniritsa mfundo zimenezi.”
M'malo mwake, zobwezeretsanso zomwe zidatumizidwa ku China zidzatumizidwa kumalo otayira, kusungidwa m'malo osungira, kapena kutumizidwa kumayiko ena (mwina Southeast Asia).Ngakhale mayiko ena, monga Malaysia, atopa ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe chifukwa cha zinyalala zosatha ndipo akuyamba kunena kuti ayi.Pamene tikukweza zida zathu zapakhomo poyankha kuletsa kwa China, tikukumana ndi funso: tingaleke bwanji kupanga zinyalala zambiri chonchi?
Campbell ndi banja lake akhala akukhala moyo wosataya ziro kwa zaka khumi.Ndikosavuta kuchotsa zipatso zapulasitiki zotsika, zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi monga zikwama zogulira, mabotolo amadzi ndi zotengera, akutero.Vuto ndikusintha zinthu zapakhomo monga zotsukira zovala, shampu ndi deodorant m'matumba apulasitiki olimba.
“Mtsukowo ukadali wothandiza kwambiri komanso wokhazikika.Sichanzeru kuzitaya nthawi zambiri,” adatero.Sustain LA anabadwa.
Campbell adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchitonso ndikofunikira kuti musawononge ziro.Mitsuko yotsukira zovala za pulasitiki sizingakhale zoyenerera pa Instagram ngati zotengera zamagalasi zokongola, koma pogwiritsanso ntchito ndikuzazanso behemoth yayikuluyi, mutha kuyiteteza ku zinyalala.Ngakhale ndi njira yobwezeretsanso pang'onopang'ono, mutha kuletsa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kuti zithe kutayirako.
Daniel Riley wa Riley's General Store, yemwe alibe sitolo ya njerwa ndi matope koma amapereka katundu ku San Gabriel Valley, amamvetsetsa kufunikira kosunthira ku zinyalala.
“Timakhala moyo wotanganidwa kwambiri ndipo sitiyenera kuika zinyalala mumtsuko wagalasi kumapeto kwa chaka.Makampani ayenera kuyimbidwa mlandu chifukwa chopanga ma CD olimba, "adatero Riley.
Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, idzayang'ana kwambiri pa kuwonjezeredwa kwazinthu zokhazikika zapanyumba ndi zosamalira anthu.
"Cholinga changa ndikupereka zowonjezera zowonjezera zotsika mtengo ndikuziyandikira ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoperekera zinthu zomwe anthu amdera lathu amafunikira," adatero.
Kwa Riley's General Store, yomwe idakondwerera chaka chake choyamba mu Novembala, kutsekeka mu Marichi kumalimbikitsa kufunikira kwamakasitomala, makamaka zotsukira zovala ndi sopo.
"Zinali zopambana chifukwa zobereka zanga zilibe kanthu," adatero Riley, ndikuwonjezera kuti pakali pano salipira ndalama zobereka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2023